Picture

Northwestern Medicine
​Breakthroughs for Physicians

​​
  • Home
  • Specialties
    • Cardiovascular >
      • Research
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • News
    • Endocrinology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs In Endocrinology
      • Research In Endocrinology
      • News
    • ENT (Otolaryngology) >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Gastroenterology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Geriatrics >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Neurosciences >
      • Rare and Complex Brain Tumors
      • Research
      • COVID-19 and Neurosciences
      • News
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
    • OB-GYN >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Oncology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Ophthalmology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Organ Transplant >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Orthopaedics >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Psychiatry >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Pulmonary >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Rehabilitation >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • News
    • Rheumatology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Urology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
  • CME
  • REFERRALS
    • Refer to NM Cardiovascular
    • Refer to NM Neurosciences
    • Refer to Other Specialties

< BACK TO CLINICAL BREAKTHROUGHS IN CARDIOVASCULAR

stethoscope, chart and blood pressure machine

December 2020

CARDIOVASCULAR

PROXY MEASURES FAIL TO ASSESS CARDIOVASCULAR CARE

Featuring: Lisa Hirschhorn, MD, MPH
​
​​Proxy measures of preparedness for delivery of hypertension or diabetes care do not accurately assess the ability of low- and middle-income countries to effectively treat patients, according to a study published in PLOS Medicine.
​
The findings demonstrate a need to develop better measures which can serve as proxies for quality or to more closely track actual clinical care, according to Lisa Hirschhorn, MD, MPH, professor of Medical Social Sciences and a co-author of the study.

“This finding highlights the disparities for individuals living in lower resourced settings, a critical area where better measurement to inform policy and change is needed, particularly among more vulnerable populations,” said Hirschhorn, who is also a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension, are major causes of death and disability everywhere, including in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor care quality now accounts for more excess deaths when compared with poor access, Hirschhorn said, so measuring quality is an important tool that can be used to evaluate these health systems.

However, this can be resource intensive. As a result, there has been interest in using proxy measures, indirect measures of the desired outcome that are strongly correlated with it, such as quality, Hirschhorn said.

National and international groups such as the World Health Organization (WHO) often use proxy indicators of the quality of cardiovascular disease care to identify countries that may be performing poorly or to highlight countries that seem to be performing well.
These indicators can include binary assessments of whether relevant policies, guidelines, funding, institutions or expertise are in place, in addition to country-level metrics such as gross national product and national health expenditure.

“We are measuring the potential to deliver quality of care rather than the care itself,” Hirschhorn said.

In the current study, Hirschhorn and an international team of investigators analyzed health records from a large population of people living in LMICs — nearly 190,000 people with high blood pressure and more than 40,000 people with diabetes — identifying whether they had their condition diagnosed, treated or controlled. They then measured association between their country’s proxy readiness measures and actual care and outcomes they received.

The high-level proxy indicators of countries’ preparedness to manage diabetes and hypertension were a poor predictor of the quality of care delivered. For example, WHO measures of diabetes care preparedness showed no association with actual care received by the patient sample, and measures of health service finance or country development showed no association with any outcome.

This means relying on these proxy measures may misinform countries and international organizations about their level of care, Hirschhorn said.

“Countries will have a false sense of security that care is being delivered, while patients remain at risk for preventable death and disability,” Hirschhorn said.

On the other hand, high-level measures of country resources did show an association. Individuals with hypertension living in countries with a higher GDP per capita were significantly more likely to be diagnosed, treated and achieve control of their condition.

Combining these effective measures along with more direct indicators of quality of care could more accurately capture the state of cardiovascular care in LMICs, according to Hirschhorn.

“To judge countries’ progress towards ability to treat hypertension and diabetes requires directly assessing whether people with these diseases are getting the treatment that they need,” Hirschhorn said.

The authors received no specific funding for this work.

This article was originally published in the Feinberg School of Medicine News Center on December 10, 2020. 
Doctor Lisa Hirschhorn headshot
Lisa Hirschhorn, MD, MPH, professor of Medical Social Sciences and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, was a co-author of the study published in PLOS Medicine.

Refer a Patient

Northwestern Medicine welcomes the opportunity to partner with you in caring for your patients. ​
Call 844.344.6663
Find a cardiovascular physician

You May Also Like

Laura J. Davidson, MD, MS Headshot

December 2020

CARDIOVASCULAR
Treating Aortic Stenosis with Transcatheter Aortic Heart Valve Procedures
Dr Sadiya Khan Headshot

June 2019

CARDIOVASCULAR
Heart Failure on the Rise in Younger People with Sadiya Khan, MD, MSc
Taking Blood Pressure for Black Women and Men

August 2020

CARDIOVASCULAR
Heart Failure, Hypertensive Deaths Rise in Black Women and Men

Northwestern Medicine Breakthroughs for Physicians

About Us     Terms of Use     Privacy Policy     How to Vote for U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals
© 2025 Northwestern Medicine® and Northwestern Memorial HealthCare. 
Northwestern Medicine® is a trademark of Northwestern Memorial HealthCare, used by Northwestern University
Connect with us
[email protected]
International physicians, contact [email protected]
  • Home
  • Specialties
    • Cardiovascular >
      • Research
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • News
    • Endocrinology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs In Endocrinology
      • Research In Endocrinology
      • News
    • ENT (Otolaryngology) >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Gastroenterology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Geriatrics >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Neurosciences >
      • Rare and Complex Brain Tumors
      • Research
      • COVID-19 and Neurosciences
      • News
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
    • OB-GYN >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Oncology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Ophthalmology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Organ Transplant >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Orthopaedics >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Psychiatry >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Pulmonary >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Rehabilitation >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • News
    • Rheumatology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
    • Urology >
      • Clinical Breakthroughs
      • Research
      • News
  • CME
  • REFERRALS
    • Refer to NM Cardiovascular
    • Refer to NM Neurosciences
    • Refer to Other Specialties